PART - I (One Mark Questions)
1.(a) Crossing the $F_{1}$ hybrid with a double recessive genotype
2.(d) Hybridization of DNA of one organism to that of the others
3.(a) Topoisomerase
4.(b) Clone
5.(c) Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
6.(b) Splicing
7.(c) Soil
8.(a) Tertiary consumers → Secondary consumers → Primary consumers → Producers
9.(d) P. Maheswari
10.(a) (1)-(ii), (2)-(iv), (3)-(iii), (4)-(i)
11.(d) Lichens, Rose
12.(c) Freshwater ecosystem
13.(b) Synergid, Zygote and PEN
14.(a) Steveocide - Natural Sweetener
15.(c) Skin colour in humans
PART - II (2-Mark Short Answers)
16. Two nutrient media: MS Medium (Murashige and Skoog) and White's Medium.
17. Scientists who rediscovered Mendelism: Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak.
22. Vivipary: A condition where seeds germinate while still attached to the parent plant (common in mangrove plants).
24. (Compulsory) Energy Calculation:
According to the 10% Law of energy transfer:
If $T_{3}$ (Third trophic level) = 400 J,
Then $T_{2}$ (Second trophic level) = 4,000 J,
Then $T_{1}$ (First trophic level) = 40,000 J.
PART - III (3-Mark Brief Answers)
25. Gene Mapping & Uses: The diagrammatic representation of the position of genes and the relative distance between them on a chromosome. Uses: Helps identify gene locations, determines the order of genes, and aids in understanding complex inheritance.
30. Advantages of Artificial Seeds: They can be stored for long periods, provide a way to mass-produce identical plants, are easy to transport, and can be used for species that do not produce viable seeds.
32. Pollen Kitt: A sticky, colorful, and oily layer found on the surface of pollen grains of insect-pollinated plants. It is composed of lipids and carotenoids, helping the pollen adhere to insects.
PART - IV (5-Mark Detailed Answers)
36. (b) King of Spices: Black Pepper (Piper nigrum).
Origin: Western Ghats of India.
Uses: Used as a flavoring agent in food, has medicinal properties for digestion, and acts as a preservative.
38. (a) Man-made Cereal: Triticale.
Formation: It is produced by crossing Wheat (Triticum durum) with Rye (Secale cereale), followed by doubling the chromosomes using colchicine.
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